Neff, K. D., Knox, M. C., Long, P., Gregory, K. (2020).

Type of Study: Study 1: Pretest–posttest study with a nonequivalent control group (Quasi-experimental); Study 2: One-group pretest–posttest study
Number of Participants: Study 1: 58; Study 2: 23

Population:

• Age — Study 1: 28–65 years (Mean=42.95 years); Study 2: 27–60 years (Mean=37.57 years)
• Race/Ethnicity — Study 1: 64% White, 16% Asian American, 16% Latino, and 5% Other Ethnicities; Study 2: 74% White, 17% Latino, 4% Asian American, and 4% Other
• Gender — Study 1: 86% Female; Study 2: 96% Female
• Status — < Participants were healthcare professionals. br>

Location/Institution: Large children's hospital in an urban setting in the Southwestern United States

Summary: (To include basic study design, measures, results, and notable limitations)
The purpose of the study was to report two studies that examined the efficacy of the Self‐Compassion for Healthcare Communities (SCHC) program for enhancing wellbeing and reducing burnout among healthcare professionals. Participants in Study 1 were put into either the SCHC intervention group or a waitlist control group. Participants in Study 2 all took part in the SCHC program. Measures utilized for Study 1 include the Self‐Compassion Scale, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised, the Compassion Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Personal Distress Subscale from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Measures utilized for Study 2 include the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised, the Compassion Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results indicate that in Study 1, SCHC significantly increased self‐compassion and wellbeing. All gains were maintained for three months. Results indicate that in Study 2 in addition to enhancing wellbeing, SCHC significantly reduced secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Changes in self‐compassion explained gains in other outcomes, and initial levels of self‐compassion moderated outcomes so that those initially low in self‐compassion benefitted more. Limitations for Study 1 include the lack of randomization of participants, follow-up was for the intervention group only and, due to the lack of an active control group, cannot be sure that the benefits of group participation were actually attributable to the content of the SCHC program. Limitations for Study 2 include the lack of a comparison group.

Length of controlled postintervention follow-up: None.

Bluth, K., Lathren, C., Silbersack Hickey, J. V. T., Zimmerman, S., Wretman, C. J., & Sloane, P. D. (2021). Self‐compassion training for certified nurse assistants in nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(7), 1896–1905 https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17155

Type of Study: Other quasi-experimental
Number of Participants: 30

Population:

• Age — Mean=49 years
• Race/Ethnicity — 83% Black/African American
• Gender — 96% Female
• Status — Participants were certified nursing assistants (CNAs).

Location/Institution: Three mid-size, non-profit nursing homes (NHs) in North Carolina

Summary: (To include basic study design, measures, results, and notable limitations)
The purpose of the study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of self-compassion training to address CNA stress and well-being. Participants were taught either Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) or Self-Compassion for Health Care Communities (SCHC). Measures utilized include the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), the Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the PROMIS Depression Scale-Short Form (PROMIS-DSF), the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Scale (MBI-HSS), and the Self-Compassion Scale-Youth. Results indicate that attendance and program satisfaction were high, and attrition was low for both training formats. Self-compassion was significantly improved at all time periods. Limitations include the small sample size, the lack of a control group, and it is unclear if these results are generalizable to CNAs across all types of NHs.

Length of controlled postintervention follow-up: 3 and 6 months.

Franco, P. L., & Christie, L. M. (2021). Effectiveness of a one day self-compassion training for pediatric nurses’ resilience. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 109–114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.03.020

Type of Study: Pretest–posttest study with a nonequivalent control group (Quasi-experimental)
Number of Participants: 48

Population:

• Age — Mean=38.33–46.05 years
• Race/Ethnicity — 41 White, 5 Latino, and 2 Black
• Gender — 43 Female and 5 Male
• Status — Participants were healthcare professionals.

Location/Institution: Urban pediatric hospital in central Texas

Summary: (To include basic study design, measures, results, and notable limitations)
The purpose of the study was to understand if attending a one-day workshop format of the Self Compassion for Healthcare Communities (SCHC) program would improve pediatric nurses' resilience, well-being, and professional quality of life. Participants were nurses who attended the SCHC training and nurses who did not attend the SCHC training. Measures utilized include the Self‐Compassion Scale, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS), the Compassion Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and the Resiliency Activation and Decompression and Job Engagement Scale. Results indicate that participants in the SCHC intervention exhibited significant increases in self-compassion, mindfulness, compassion to others, resilience and compassion satisfaction, and significant decreases in burnout, anxiety, and stress compared to the nonintervention group. Limitations include the lack of randomization of participants, follow-up was conducted for the intervention group only, and the small sample size.

Length of controlled postintervention follow-up: None.

The following studies were not included in rating SCHC on the Scientific Rating Scale...

Delaney, M. C. (2018). Caring for the caregivers: Evaluation of the effect of an eight-week pilot Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) training program on nurses’ compassion fatigue and resilience. PloS One, 13(11), Article e0207261. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020726

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) [now called Self-Compassion for Healthcare Communities (SCHC)] training intervention on nurses’ compassion fatigue and resilience and participants’ lived experience of the effect of training. Participants were assigned to the MSC training intervention. Measures utilized include the Neff 26-item Self-compassion scale, Freiburg Mindfulness inventory, ProQOL Version 5 Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Version, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 item (CD-RISC 25). Results indicate that overall participants’ reported scores showed an increase for self-compassion, mindfulness, compassion satisfaction and resilience. Whereas reported scores in both of the negative aspects of compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress and burnout decreased. The qualitative emergent themes corroborated the quantitative findings and expanded the understanding about how MSC on the job practices enhanced nurses’ coping. Limitations include the small sample size, lack of a control group, high attrition rate, and lack of follow up. Note: This article was not used in the rating process due to the lack of a control group.