Loyd, B. H., & Abidin. R. R. (1985). Revision of the Parent Stress Index. Journal of Pediatric Psychiatry, 10(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/10.2.169
Sample:
Participants — 534 parents recruited from a pediatric practice in Virginia.
Race/Ethnicity — Not Specified
Summary:
This publication reports good test-retest reliability scores. Also given is a factor structure of six Child subscores: Adaptability, Acceptability, Demandingness, Mood, Distractibility/Hyperactivity, and Reinforces parent; and seven Parent subscores: Depression, Attachment, Restrictions of Role, Sense of Competence, Social Isolation, Relationship with Spouse, and Parent Health.
Solis, M. L., & Abidin, R. R. (1991). The Spanish version Parenting Stress Index: A psychometric study. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20(4), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_5
Sample:
Participants — 223 Spanish-speaking mothers recruited from a New York City metropolitan hospital pediatric department, or through referrals.
Race/Ethnicity — Self-identified as of Spanish or Hispanic origin.
Summary:
The PSI was translated independently by 4 individuals and discrepancies were resolved by the translators. A back-translation was also performed and reviewed by one of the senior authors. Participant mothers completed the questionnaire. Inter-item reliabilities for the Spanish version of the PSI were good and the factor structure of the scale was similar to that for other psychometric studies, with factors reflecting Child Characteristics, Parent Characteristics, and Child-Parent Interaction.
Hutcheson, J. J., & Black, M. M. (1996). Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index in a sample of low-income African-American mothers of infants and toddlers. Early Education and Development, 7(4), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed0704_5
Sample:
Participants — 191 low-income mothers recruited from pediatric primary care clinics.
Race/Ethnicity — 100% African American
Summary:
This study was intended to verify the properties of the PSI, using a sample of African-American mothers. Mothers were given an oral version of the questionnaire and observation of mother-child interaction was also taken in the laboratory during infant feeding. Finally, a home visit was conducted. Measures included the PSI, the Brief Symptom Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Family Support Scale, the Life Events Questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and the Self-Report Family Inventory. Observations were taken using the Child Well-being scales, the HOME scale, and the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment. The authors selected items from the scales administered to assess concurrent validity and construct validity of the PSI. The results showed high convergence with other measures of maternal stress.
Bigras, M., LaFreniere, P. J., & Dumas, J. E. (1996). Discriminant validity of the parent and child scales of the Parenting Stress Index. Early Education and Development, 7(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed0702_5
Sample:
Participants — 245 French-Canadian mothers of preschoolers
Race/Ethnicity — Not Specified
Summary:
Mothers completed questionnaires and were observed during a problem-solving task in the laboratory. Measures compared included the Insularity scale, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Parent-Child Attachment Q-sort. Results showed correlation of the PSI with measures of depression and marital maladjustment, negative parenting attitudes and child behavioral problems, and self-reported stress. Analyses also supported discriminant validity shown by the absence of correlations between scales not theoretically expected to be related. There was also a relationship between observations of mothers whose interaction with their children was more negative and ratings on the PSI. However, this relationship was only significant for the child-related portion of the scale.
